Principle of Autoclave and SOP for Pharmaceutical Sterilization

principle of autoclave

An autoclave is a critical piece of equipment in pharmaceutical manufacturing and microbiology laboratories that achieves sterilization through moist heat under controlled pressure. The principle underlying autoclave sterilization—moist heat sterilization—works by generating saturated steam at temperatures of 121–134°C and pressures…

Stability Chamber Working Principle and SOP in Pharmaceutical Industry

Stability Chamber Working Principle and SOP in Pharmaceutical Industry

A stability chamber is a specialized environmental control instrument used to simulate real-world storage conditions and evaluate the quality, safety, and shelf life of pharmaceutical products over time. Regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, EMA, and WHO require stability studies in qualified chambers before granting…